Restoration Period

The restoration is an interesting time in history. People from alone over the mankind, especially Europe, were moving to American. It was during this time that the colonies rebelled and we soon became our own nation. When the flow started England had just ended a 20 year civil war. The annoyance had killed many and England was finally settling down. When the restoration was starting, most authors still model everything they did on the classics Greek, Roman, etc. People were starting to gain an understanding of the world and be less superstitious.With all of the new rea discussions for things being given by science, religion had to change too. This was also when the smaller minorities of society became more ignored and repressed. But when the puritans fell out of power things started to happen. Theaters re-opened, satire appeared, and so did journalism. The rejoinder period was marked by an advance in colonization and afield trade, by the Dutch Wars, by the great plague (1665) and the great plan of attack of London (1666), by the birth of the Whig and Tory parties, and by the Popish Plot and different manifestations of anti-Catholicism.In belles-lettres perhaps the most outstanding solution of the regaining was the reopening of the theaters, which had been close since 1642, and a consequent great revival of the drama (see English literature). The drama of the period was marked by brilliance of wit and by licentiousness, which whitethorn have been a reflection of the freeness of court manners. The last and greatest plant life of whoremaster Milton fall inside the period but are non typical of it the same is true of caper Bunyans Pilgrims Progress (1678).The period is vividly brought to life in the diaries of Samuel Pepys and tin can Evelyn, and in verse the Restoration is magisterial by the work of John Dryden and a number of other poets. Restoration literature, English literature written after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 intere st the period of the Commonwealth. Some literary historians speak of the period as delimited by the reign of Charles II (166085), while others prefer to include within its scope the writings produced during the reign of James II (168588), and even literature of the 1690s is often spoken of as Restoration. By that time, however, the reign of William III and bloody shame II (16891702) had begun, and the ethos of courtly and urban fashion was as a result sober, Protestant, and even pious, in contrast to the sexually and intellectually libertine middle of court life under Charles II. Many typical literary forms of the red-brick worldincluding the novel, biography, history, travel writing, and journalismgained confidence during the Restoration period, when new scientific discoveries and philosophical concepts as well as new social and sparing conditions came into play.There was a great outpouring of pamphlet literature, too, much of it politico-religious, while John Bunyans great all egory, Pilgrims Progress, also belongs to this period. Much of the best poetry, notably that of John Dryden (the great literary figure of his time, in both poetry and prose), the earl of Rochester, Samuel Butler, and John Oldham, was satirical and led directly to the later achievements of Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and John Gay in the Augustan Age. The Restoration period was, above all, a great age of drama.Heroic plays, influenced by principles of French Neoclassicism, enjoyed a vogue, but the age is chiefly remembered for its glittering, critical comedies of manners by such playwrights as George Etherege, William Wycherley, Sir John Vanbrugh, and William Congreve. (For further discussion of this period, see English literature The Restoration. ) King Charles I was executed in the January of 1649. He was the supreme King of Britain, with suzerainty over England, Scotland and Ireland. However, he earned a lot of disrespect from the Parliament for his preposterous possible actio n known as Divine Rights of Kings.The Parliament feared he was turning into an absolutist monarch and would eventually sideline the democracy that was so carefully ceremonious in Britain. In his final years, he was engaged in well-mannered Wars. The First English Civil War (1642) was once morest the Parliament and the Puritans of England. He was defeated in this War in 1645, but he continued his ideologies. In 1948, there was a Second Civil War, and he was defeated again in 1649. This time, he was captured, tried, convicted and finally executed for treason. The Parliament took over, organize a republic that came to be known as the Commonwealth of England.Monarchy, apparently, came to an end. Restoration of Monarchy by Charles II But, what seemed to be an end for monarchy actually turned out to be only a pause. 11 years later, in 1660, Charles Is son, Charles II fictive monarchy once again. The resurgence of monarchy was brought about by a series of historically significant inc idents. One of the of import leaders of the republican government formed after Charles I was Oliver Cromwell, who was by title the Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was also the commander of the armies that fought against Charles I in the English Civil Wars.Old Ironsides, as he was referred to, valiantly brought England, Scotland and Ireland under a unanimous republican regularisation after the execution of Charles I, and he was in fact one of the main persons responsible for his execution. Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 of a host of ailments. Historians attribute his death to malaria and urinary infections, but there could have been several other reasons. Cromwell was succeeded by his son Richard as the Lord Protectorate. However, Richard was not popular with the Army. The Army was prompt in removing him.Several other transfers of power later, Charles II issued what is known as the Declaration of Breda on April 4, 1660. This declaration was to lay down the fact th at he was interested in accepting the Crown of England. Taking into consideration the various failed seizes of power in England, the Parliament accepted the terms. On 8 May, 1649, the Parliament accepted that Charles II had been the lawful monarch of England after the death of Charles I. Charles II returned from The Hague, where he was exiling, and imitation monarchy of England. This is what is known as the English Restoration.